Two Perspective of Modernization

Many of sociologists of religion have claimed that religion in modern era die out. Max Weber attributed this phenomenon to the scientific knowledge. Lerner, Inkeles, and Smith emphasized too from a cognitive perspective to the role of high level of education in modernization.

There is another perspective, namely to call existential. Turning point of this trend is economic development. Accordingly, in "Modernization, Cultural Change, and Democracy" Inglehatr and Welzel argue: the higher level of economic development, the lower belief in religion. It means religion survives and its existence is, at least in poor countries taken for granted.

But I want ask just a simple question:
Why religion is in some rich Islamic countries among others Saudi Arabia and Kuwait alive, active, and firm?

What causes democracy?

Value change is an interesting and at the same time a problematic topic for sociology.
One of the most challenging themes today is the matter of autocracy and democracy. How change a governmental system in a country? What role dose people play in this process? What causes democracy?
Inglehart, among others, tried to answer these questions. In many of his works that come out from several waves of World Values Survey he speaks about political culture. According to Inglehart political culture has a main role and it causes democracy. Political culture insist of well-being, happiness, self-expression, life satisfaction interpersonal trust, tolerance with out groups, freedom of speech, political activism and etc. He calls this political culture ”self-expression values”. He and his collaborates argue that self-expression values conducive democracy. Self-expression values are necessarily condition for democracy but they aren’t sufficiently condition for it.
Economic development is the mean factor. With other word: Economic development > self-expression values > democracy

Without economic development there is no democracy.